Glossary of the Packaging Machines

1. Filling Machines
Packaging machines that measure a pre determined volume weight or mass of the product and fill it into the required container.

1.1 Volumetric filling machines
1.1.1 Volumetric cup filling machine - it measures out free-flowing solids or powder product, usually, in a cup of predetermined volume.

1.1.2 Displacement filling machine - It measures out a liquid, by displacing a predetermined volume of product with a loose fitting piston.

1.1.3 Volumetric piston filling machine - It measures out a liquid, paste or gas using a reciprocating piston of predetermined volume.

1.1.4 Rotating chamber filling machine - It measures out a liquid, paste or gas, using a metering pump which operates for a predetermined number of cycles.

1.1.5 Flow meter filling machine - It measures out a liquid, using a flow meter.

1.1.6 Auger filling machine - It measures out a powder product, using an auger which rotates for a predetermined number of revolutions.

1.2 Level filling machines
1.2.1 Vacuum filling machine - It fills a product a liquid or powder, to a predetermined level in a rigid container. The flow is initiated by applying a vacuum to the container.

1.2.2 Gravity filling machine - It fills a product a liquid or powder, to a predetermined level in a container with the product flow under gravity.

1.2.3 Pressure filling machine - It fills a liquid, to a predetermined level in a rigid container under pressure.

1.3 Timed flow filling machines -
They measure out a liquid or powder, by controlling the product flow duration to a predetermined value.

1.4 Gravimetric filling machines
1.4.1 Nett weighing machine - It measures out a predetermined mass free-flowing solids, before dispensing it as a fill.

1.4.2 Gross weighing machine - It measures out a predetermined mass of liquid, powder, gas or solids, directly into the package, while it rests on a weighing instrument which controls the filling operation.

1.5 Count filling machines -
Filling machines which measure out solids according to a predetermined count.

2. Closing Machines -
Packaging machines which seal or close filled packages.

2.1 Closing machines which do not use a closure or closing material
2.1.1 Fold closing machine - It seals a package a bag or collapsible tube, by folding.

2.1.2 Tuck closing machine - It closes a carton, by engaging pre-cut tabs and slots.

2.1.3 Crimp closing machine - It closes a bag or collapsible tube, by crimping.

2.1.4 Weld sealing machine - It seals a metal package by welding.

2.1.5 Fusion sealing machine - It seals glass by fusion welding.

2.1.6 Solder sealing machine - It seals a metal package by soldering.

2.1.7 Heat sealing machine - It seals a plastic package by heat sealing.

2.1.8 Blister sealing machine - It seals a filled plastic blister to a piece of coated carton board by the application of heat.

2.1.9 Induction sealing machine - It seals a foil laminate lid to a container in an electromagnetic field.

2.2 Closing machines which use a closure
2.2.1 Screw capping machine - It applies a threaded cap or lid to a rigid container.

2.2.2 Steam capping machine - It sterilizes the cap and filled rigid container with steam while closing.

2.2.3 Plugging; corking machine - It pushes a plug or cork into the mouth of a rigid container.

2.2.4 Press-on lidding machine - It pushes a lid, usually metal, plastic or other material, on to a rigid container.

2.2.5 Crown capping machine - It places a pre-formed metal cap over the mouth of a rigid container before crimping the edges of the cap and secure.

2.2.6 Roll-on capping machine - It places a deformable capsule over the mouth of a rigid container, before rolling the capsule to form a thread and secure the capsule to the container.

2.2.7 Can seaming machine - It places a pre-formed lid onto the mouth of a can, before rolling the edges to seal.

2.2.8 Cork wiring machine - It applies a wire cage to the neck and cork of a rigid container, to prevent the cork from being pushed out by gas pressure.

2.2.9 Aerosol valve closing machine - It places an aerosol valve into the mouth of a rigid container before seaming it to the container.

2.2.10 Pump applicator - It places a dispensing pump into the mouth of a rigid container before attaching the pump to the container.

2.3 Closing machines which use a closing material
2.3.1 Staple closing machine - It closes corrugated cases, with metal staples.

2.3.2 Nail closing machine - It closes wooden boxes, with nails.

2.3.3 Rivet closing machine - It closes metal packages with rivets.

2.3.4 Clip closing machine - It closes rigid containers with metal clips.

2.3.5 Sewing machine - It closes paper sacks, by sewing.

2.3.6 Glue sealing machine - It seals bags, cartons or corrugated board cases with adhesive.

2.3.7 Gummed tape sealing machine - It seals corrugated board cases, with gummed tape.

2.3.8 Tape sealing machine - It seals corrugated board cases, with pressure sensitive tape.

2.3.9 Strapping machine - It seals packages with a metal or plastic strap.

2.3.10 Twist-tie closing machine - It closes bags, by twisting a wire around the neck of the package.

2.3.11 Foil sealing machine - It applies a reel fed foil or plastic cover to a rigid container.

3.0 Labelling, Decorating and Marking Machines
They apply labels, decoration or codes and other markings to packages.

3.1 Labelling machines
3.1.1 Wet glue labelling machine - It applies labels to rigid containers using an adhesive that is liquid at room temperature.

3.1.2 Hot melt glue labelling machine - It applies labels rigid container using an adhesive solid at room temperature.

3.1.3 Pressure sensitive labelling machine - It applies pre-glued labels supplied on a reel of release paper.

3.1.4 Heat seal labelling machine - It applies labels coated with a heat sealable material.

3.1.5 Pre-gummed label applicator - It applies pre-gummed labels to packages.

3.1.6 Print and apply labelling machine - It first prints the label and then applies it to the container.

4 Fill and Seal Machines
Packaging machines which combine the functions of filling and closing in one machine.

4.1 Rigid container fill and close machines
4.1.1 Ampoule/vial fill and close machine - It first fills the glass ampoule or vial and the fuse seal it.

4.1.2 Bottle fill and cap machine -It fills and caps the bottle

4.1.3 Can fill and seam machine - It fills and seams the cans

4.1.4 Cask or keg fill and seal machine - It fills and seals casks or kegs.

4.2 Flexible package fill and seal machines
4.2.1 Bag fill and seal machine - A packaging machine in which a pre-made bag is taken from a magazine, opened, filled with product and then sealed.

4.2.2 Reel fed bag fill and seal machine - A bag is separated from a reel of pre-made bags, opened and filled and sealed.

4.2.3 Sack fill and close machine - It picks the premade sack from the magazine

4.2.4 Tube fill and seal machine - It picks collapsible tubes from the magazine, fills, folds and crimps.

4.2.5 Cup/tub fill and seal machine - It picks plastic cup or tub from a magazine, filled and then closed with a heat sealed foil or a press on lid.

4.2.6 Blister fill and seal machine - It fills the pre formed plastic blisters fills and seals then to a coated sheet.

6.0 Inspection Machines
Packaging machines which inspect products, packages or packaging components, for a particular attribute, e.g. colour, size, mass, and reject items which fall outside pre-set values.

6.1 Inspection machines for products
6.1.1 Check weigher - It measures the mass of a package or product as it travels on a conveyor, records the mass of the item and rejects that fall outside pre-set values.

6.1.1.1 Weight classifying machine - It divides products into groups according to their mass.

6.1.1.2 Weigh price labelling machine - It weighs filled packages, calculates the selling price, prints a label with the mass and price and then applies the label to the package.

6.1.2 Fill height inspection machine - It detects the level of fill in a container, and rejects containers which fall outside pre-set values.

6.1.3 Foreign body detecting machine - It detects the presence of foreign bodies in a product, and rejects them.

6.1.3.1 Metal detecting machine - It detects the presence of metal in products and rejects the product or the packaging in which it is contained.

6.2 Inspection machines for packages
6.2.1 Aerosol testing machine - It checks filled aerosol cans for leaks.

6.2.2 Cap inspecting machine - It inspects filled and closed rigid containers for the presence of a cap.

6.2.3 Empty bottle inspection machine - It inspects empty bottles for some prescribed attribute, e.g. size, wall thickness, cleanliness etc.

6.2.4 Label inspecting machine - It detects labels on packages and checks that they comply with pre-set requirements.

6.2.5 Open flap detector - It detects the presence of an open flap on a carton or case.

6.2.6 Seal checking machine - An inspection machine which tests the integrity of package seals.

7.0 Form, Fill and Seal Machines
Packaging machines which form, fill and seal a package in the same machine.

7.1 Horizontal form, fill and seal machines
They use flexible packaging film, to form a package which is then filled and sealed in a sequence of operations while the film is being transported in a horizontal direction.
7.1.1 Flow rapping machine - It is a horizontal form, fill and seal machine with film reel mounted above the operating level, the product loaded horizontally and a longitudinal seal formed below the pack.

7.1.2 Lower reel flow rapping machine - It is a horizontal form, fill and seal machine, with film reel mounted below the operating level, product placed on to the film web and a longitudinal seal formed above the pack.

7.1.3 Edge sealing machine - A horizontal form, fill and seal machine in which product is placed on a horizontal web of film then sealed on 3 or 4 sides to an upper web of film.

7.1.4 Sachet form, fill and seal machine - A horizontal form, fill and seal machine in which packs are formed, sealed on sides, filled vertically with product and sealed on the remaining side.

7.2 Vertical form, fill and seal machines
Packaging machines which use flexible packaging film to form a tube, which is then filled vertically with product and sealed in a sequence of operations whilst the film is transported vertically downwards.
7.2.1 Vertical form, fill and seal machine for cartons - It uses a heavy paper laminate, which is formed, filled with a liquid and sealed to produce a pack resembling a carton.

7.2.2 Vertical sachet form, fill and seal machine - It uses one or two webs of film which are formed vertically, filled with product and sealed to produce a 3 or 4 side sealed sachet. Machines can have one or two reels of film and can produce one or more lanes of packs.

7.2.3 Strip packing machine - It produces strips of individually sealed packs joined together in predetermined lengths.
7.3 Tubular bag form, fill and seal machines
They form a bag from a reel of lay flat tubular flexible packaging film. The bag is then filled with product and sealed within the machine.
7.4 Mandrel flexible package form, fill and seal machines
Packaging machines which form packs from a reel of flexible material, on one or a number of mandrels, before filling the packs with product and sealing their tops within the machine.

7.5 Deep draw form, fill and seal machines
7.5.1 Cold form, fill and seal machine - Here a web of deformable material is formed under pressure in a die press, filled vertically with product sealed, with a top film or magazine fed lid, and finally cut to produce individual packs.

7.5.2 Thermoform, fill and seal machine - Here a web of the deformable material is heated and formed with pressure and/or vacuum, filled vertically with product, sealed with a top film or magazine fed lid and finally cut to produce individual packs.

7.6 Blow mould fill and seal machines
Here the plastic granules are melted, extruded, blow moulded to form a container, filled with product and sealed within the machine.

8.0 Cartoning Machines
Packaging machines which erect, close or erect fill and close carton blanks or folded and side seam sealed cartons.

8.1 Carton erecting machines
8.1.1Carton blank erecting machine - It forms carton board blanks into cartons and secures them by engaging pre-cut tabs and slots, by applying adhesive etc.

8.1.2 Skillet erecting machine - It erects pre-glued carton board skillets and secures them by engaging pre-cut tabs and slots, by applying adhesive.

8.2 Carton closing machines
8.2.1 End flap carton closing machine - It closes cartons and secures them

8.2.2 Three flap carton closing machine - A packaging machine which closes 3 flap cartons and secures them .

8.3.1 Mandrel carton form, fill and seal machine - It forms cartons either from magazine fed or reel fed carton blanks, around one or a number or mandrels, filles and seals.

8.3.2 Mandrel bag-in-box machine - It forms a bag of flexible material on a mandrel, around which a carton blank is formed to produce a bag-in-box package. The package in then filled and sealed.

8.3.3 Horizontal end load cartoner - It erects a folded and side seam sealed carton and places it on a horizontal indexing mechanism for filling and sealing.

8.3.4 Vertical cartoner - It erects a folded and side seam sealed carton and places it on a horizontal indexing mechanism for filling and sealing.

8.3.4.1 Pre-made bag-in-box cartoner - It is a vertical cartoner which erects side seam sealed and folded cartons that contain a tube of flexible film. The base of the tube is sealed product is filled , the tube sealed and then the carton flaps folded.

8.3.4.2 Reel fed bag-in-box cartoner - It is a vertical cartoner which erects a side seam sealed and folded carton before forming a bag from a reel of flexible film and placing it in the carton. The bag is filled vertically with product before the top of the bag is sealed and the carton flaps are closed.

8.3.5 Tray erect load and seal machine - Here a carton tray blank is partly formed before being loaded horizontally with product. After loading the carton tray is fully formed and sealed within the machine.

8.3.6 Top load carton form, fill and seal machine - A cartoning machine in which a carton blank is partly formed into an open top carton before being loaded vertically with product. After loading the carton is fully formed and closed within the machine.

8.3.7 Wraparound cartoner - It wraps a carton board blank around a product with the aid of a mandrel, before closing the carton with adhesive or by tucking.

8.3.8 Wraparound sleeving machine - It wraps a carton board blank around a product, or group of products, securing it by engaging pre-cut tabs and slots or by the application of adhesive.

9.0 Wrapping Machines
Packaging machines which wrap a flexible packaging material e.g. paper, aluminium, plastic film, around a product or groups of products.

9.1 Wrapping machines which partially wrap products
9.1.1 Banding machine - It wraps a band of material around a product or group of products and secures it.

9.1.2 Sleeve wrapping machine - It wraps a band of thermoplastic material loosely around a product or group of products, before the pack is passed through a shrink tunnel.

9.1.3 Stretch banding machine - It wraps a band of thermoplastic film tightly around a product or group of products.

9.1.4 Spiral wrapping machine - A wrapping machine which wraps a web of thermoplastic tightly around a product or group of products, in a series of turns.

9.2 Wrapping machines which form a complete wrap without sealing
9.2.1 Fold wrapping machine - It wraps a product in a flexible material e.g. aluminium foil or paper, in a series of folding operations.

9.2.1.1 Edible fat/butter wrapping machine - A fold wrapping machine in which butter or edible fat is extruded, cut to size and then wrapped in a deformable material.

9.2.2 Twist wrapping machine - It seals the open ends of the wrap by twisting.

9.3 Wrapping machines which form a complete wrap with sealing
9.3.1 Over wrapping machine - It wraps a product or group of products in flexible packaging material with a series of folding and sealing or gluing operations.

9.3.2 Roll wrapping machine - It wraps a cylindrical product or group of products, in a series of folding sealing or gluing operations, to form a cylindrical pack.

9.3.3 Foil and band wrapping machine - It wraps a product in aluminium foil, before applying a paper band to complete the pack.

9.3.4 Pleat wrapping machine - It gathers and folds flexible material around a product and seals it at one point by applying a label.

9.3.5 Stretch film wrapping machine - A wrapping machine which pulls a web of stretch film around a product, before gathering and heat sealing the film edges below the product.

9.3.6 L-sealing machine - A wrapping machine which uses thermoplastic film folded in half along its length. Products or groups of products are placed between the two halves of film, before the film is sealed around the product with an L shaped sealing bar, to produce a fully enclosed pack, sealed on three sides.

9.4 Skin packing machines
Wrapping machines which seal products placed on perforated and coated carton board blanks, with a web of thermoplastic film.

9.5 Shrinking equipment
9.5.1 Shrink tunnel - It shrinks thermoplastic film around a product or group of products, as they pass through a heated tunnel.

9.5.2 Shrink oven - It shrinks thermoplastic film around a product or group of products, in a heated chamber.

9.5.3 Shrink frame - It shrinks thermoplastic film around a product or group of products, as it is moved over the surface of the product.

10.0 Group or Transit Packaging Machines
Packaging machines which group together a collation of products for transit purposes. Group packages include cases, trays, crates and carton board sleeves.

10.1 Group container erecting machines
10.1.1 Tray erecting machine - A packaging machine which erects trays, usually from pre-cut corrugated board blanks.

10.1.2 Case erecting machine - A packaging machine which erects side seamed cases, usually made from corrugated board

10.2 Group container loading/unloading machines
10.2.1 Drop packing machine - it assembles groups of products and loads them into group packages by gravity.

10.2.2 Place packing/unpacking machine - it grips groups of products and either places them vertically into or removes them from group packages.

10.2.3 Horizontal packing machine - It assembles groups of packages and loads them horizontally into group packages, usually corrugated board cases.

10.3 Group container sealing machines
10.3.1 Case gluing machine - It closes the corrugated board cases, and seals them with adhesive.

10.3.2 Case tapers

10.3.2.1 Pressure sensitive tape sealing machine - It closes the corrugated board cases, and seals them with self-adhesive tape.

10.3.2.2 Pre-gummed tape sealing machine - It closes the corrugated board cases, and seals them with gummed tape.

10.3.3 Case stapling machine - It closes the corrugated board cases, and seals them with staples.

10.3.4 Wraparound lidding machine - It closes group packages, usually deep wall trays, by folding a corrugated board blank around the open top of the pack and securing it with adhesive.

10.4 Group package form, fill and seal machines
10.4.1 Plastic ringing machine - A packaging machine which groups rigid containers and holds them together with pre-cut plastic, supplied to the machine in reel form.

10.4.2 Wraparound tray packing machine - A packaging machine which groups packages together and wraps a pre-cut tray blank around them.

10.4.3 Wraparound case packing machine - A packaging machine which groups packages together and wraps a pre-cut case blank around them.

10.4.4 End load case packing machine - A packaging machine which groups packages together and loads them horizontally into side seamed cases which are closed within the machine.

10.4.5 Top load case packing machine - A packaging machine which groups packages together and loads them vertically through the top of side seamed cases which are closed within the machine.

10.4.6 Bottom load case packing machine - A packaging machine which groups packages together and loads them vertically through the bottom of side seamed cases which are closed within the machine.

10.5 Group package handling machines
10.5.1 Tray denesting machine - It dispenses trays from a stack.

10.5.2 Crate stacking/unstacking machine - It stacks or unstacks filled or empty crates.

10.5.3 Tray stacker - It stacks filled trays.

11.0 Pallet Forming, Dismantling and Securing Machines
Packaging machines which form, dismantle or secure pallets and other loading units.

11.1 Pallet forming machines
11.1.1 Low level palletizer - It forms a loading unit, where the packages are fed to the machine at low level.

11.1.2 High level palletizer - It forms a loading unit, where the packages are fed to the machine at high level.

11.1.3 Multi-position palletizer - A packaging machine which forms a number of different loading units simultaneously. Group packages are formed into layers and transferred to the appropriate pallet, a layer at a time.

11.1.4 Robot palletizer - A packaging machine which forms a loading unit, usually comprising group packages, which are picked up, oriented and placed on the pallet one at a time.

11.1.5 Lift-off palletizer - A packaging machine which forms a loading unit, usually comprising rigid containers or group packages, which are formed into layers and then lifted, a layer at a time, and placed on the pallet.

11.2 Pallet dismantling machines
11.2.1 Lift-off depalletizer - A packaging machine which dismantles a loading unit, usually comprising rigid containers or group packages, which are lifted off, a layer at a time.

11.2.2 Sweep-off depalletizer - A packaging machine which dismantles a loading unit, usually comprising rigid containers, which are gripped and pushed off, a layer at a time.

11.2.3 Robot depalletizer - A packaging machine which dismantles a loading unit, usually comprising group packages, which are lifted off one at a time.

11.3 Pallet securing machines
11.3.1 Pallet strapping machines
11.3.1.1 Vertical strapping machine - It applies a strap, usually metal or plastic, vertically around a loading unit.

11.3.1.2 Horizontal strapper - It applies a strap, usually metal or plastic, horizontally around a loading unit.

11.3.1.3 Pallet compression strapping machine - A packaging machine which compresses a palletized load before applying a series of straps to secure the load.

11.3.2 Pallet stretch wrappers
11.3.2.1 Rotating pallet stretch wrapper - A packaging machine which wraps a loading unit in thermoplastic film or net, applied in a spiral pattern from a reel while the loading unit is rotated.

11.3.2.2 Fixed pallet stretch wrapper - A packaging machine which wraps a loading unit in thermoplastic film or net, applied in a spiral pattern from a reel which is rotated around the stationary loading unit.

11.3.2.3 Two reel pallet stretch wrapper - A packaging machine which wraps a loading unit in thermoplastic film or net, applied in a spiral pattern from two reels which rotate around the stationary loading unit.

11.3.2.4 Stretch hood applicator - A packaging machine which wraps a loading unit in thermoplastic film, which is supplied as a reel of lay flat tubular film. A length of film is sealed at one end and then opened, stretched and placed over the loading unit.

11.3.3 Pallet shrink wrapping machines
11.3.3.1 Shrink hood applicator - A packaging machine which wraps a loading unit in thermoplastic film, which is supplied as a reel of lay flat tubular film. A length of film is sealed at one end and then opened and placed over the loading unit.

11.3.3.2 Pallet shrink oven - It shrinks thermoplastic film around a pallet.

11.3.3.3 Pallet shrink tunnel - It shrinks thermoplastic film around a loading unit, as the units pass through the tunnel.

11.3.3.4 Pallet shrink frame - It shrinks thermoplastic film around a loading unit, by moving a heated frame over the surface of the film.

11.4 Ancillary equipment for pallets
11.4.1 Pallet dispenser - It dispenses empty pallets from a magazine or stack.

11.4.2 Pallet stacker - It stacks loading units or empty pallets.

11.4.3 Pallet inverter - It inverts loading units, so that the pallet can be removed or changed.

11.4.4 Layer pad dispenser - It is a separate machine or an attachment which places layer pads onto layers of products as loading units are formed.

11.4.5 Layer pad removing machine - A packaging machine or attachment which removes layer pads from loading units as they are dismantled.

11.4.6 Top sheet dispenser - A packaging machine or attachment, which places a sheet of thermoplastic material on top of a loading unit before it, is stretch wrapped.

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